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The Prince-Bishopric of Warmia ((ポーランド語:Biskupie Księstwo Warmińskie),〔(Biskupie Księstwo Warmińskie @ Google books )〕 (ドイツ語:Fürstbistum Ermland))〔(Fürstbistum Ermland @ Google books )〕 was a semi independent ecclesiastical state, ruled by the incumbent ordinary of the Ermland/Warmia see and comprising one third of the then diocesan area. The other two thirds of the diocese were under the secular rule of Monastic state of the Teutonic Knights (Teutonic Prussia) (till 1525, and Ducal Prussia thereafter). The Ermland/Warmia see was a Prussian diocese under the jurisdiction of the Archbishopric of Riga that was a protectorate of Teutonic Prussia (1243–1466) and a protectorate of Kingdom of Poland, later part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the Peace of Thorn (1466–1772) Originally founded as the Bishopric of Ermland,〔Ermland, or Ermeland (Varmiensis, Warmia) a district of East Prussia and an exempt bishopric (1512/1566–1930), Catholic Encyclopedia, ()〕 it was created by William of Modena in 1243 in the territory of Prussia after its conquest by the Teutonic Knights during the Northern Crusades. The diocesan cathedral chapter constituted in 1260. While in the 1280s the Teutonic Order succeeded to impose the simultaneous membership of all capitular canons in the Order in the other three Prussian bishoprics, Ermland's chapter maintained its independence. So Ermland's chapter could repel outside influence when electing its bishops. Thus the Golden Bull of Emperor Charles IV names the bishops as prince-bishops, a rank not awarded to the other three Prussian bishops (Culm, Pomesania, and Samland). By the Second Peace of Thorn (1466) the prince-bishopric - like other western areas of Teutonic Prussia - seceded and formed a part of Royal Prussia, which adopted the King of Poland as sovereign in a personal union. After in 1569 Royal Prussia joint the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Ermland's autonomy gradually faded. After the First Partition of Poland in 1772, the annexing Kingdom of Prussia secularised the prince-bishopric as a state. Its territory, Warmia (), was incorporated into the Prussian province of East Prussia. King Frederick II of Prussia confiscated the landed property of the prince-bishopric and assigned it to the ''Kriegs- und Domänenkammer'' in Königsberg.〔Max Töppen's Historisch-comparative Geographie von Preussen〕 In return he made up for the enormous debts of then Prince-Bishop Ignacy Krasicki. By the Treaty of Warsaw (18 September 1773), King Frederick II guaranteed the free exercise of religion for the Catholics, so the religious body of the Roman Catholic diocese continued to exist, known since 1992 as the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Warmia. ==Within the State of the Teutonic Order== Along with Culm, Pomesania, and Samland (Sambia), Warmia was one of four dioceses in Prussia created in 1243 by the papal legate William of Modena. All four dioceses came under the rule of the appointed Archbishop of Prussia Albert Suerbeer who came from Cologne and was the former Archbishop of Armagh in Ireland. He choose Riga as his residence in 1251, which was confirmed by Pope Alexander IV in 1255. Heinrich of Strateich, the first elected Bishop of Warmia, was unable to claim his office, but in 1251 Anselm of Meissen entered the see of Warmia, which resided at Braunsberg (Braniewo) until it moved to Frauenburg (Frombork) in 1280 after attacks by heathen Old Prussians. The bishop ruled one-third of the bishopric as a secular ruler which was confirmed by the Golden Bull of 1356. The other two third of the diocese were under the secular rule of the Teutonic Order. The Bishops of Warmia generally defended their privileges and tried to put down all attempts to cut the prerogatives and the autonomy the bishopric enjoyed. After the Battle of Grunwald in 1410, both the Sambian and Warmian bishops paid homage to Jogaila of Poland and Lithuania, a maneuver to protect the territory from complete destruction. When in the 1460s it became clear that the Teutonic Order would negotiate the Second Peace of Thorn, Bishop Paul of Lengendorf (1458–1467) joined the seceding Prussian Confederation. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Prince-Bishopric of Warmia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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